{"id":958,"date":"2023-09-09T06:14:26","date_gmt":"2023-09-09T06:14:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.softwaretestingstuff.com\/?p=958"},"modified":"2023-09-10T11:36:08","modified_gmt":"2023-09-10T11:36:08","slug":"etl-testing-interview-questions","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.softwaretestingstuff.com\/2013\/08\/etl-testing-interview-questions.html","title":{"rendered":"50 Top ETL Testing Interview Questions With Detailed Answers"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"958\" class=\"elementor elementor-958\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-02b6137 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"02b6137\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0ffa24b\" data-id=\"0ffa24b\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-025b681\" data-id=\"025b681\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-707740f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"707740f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 id='50-top-etl-testing-interview-questions-with-detailed-answers'  id=\"boomdevs_1\" class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-xl\" >50 Top ETL Testing Interview Questions With Detailed Answers<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-83bd91e elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"83bd91e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"750\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/www.softwaretestingstuff.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/ETL-Testing-Interview-Questions-With-Detailed-Answers.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-14380\" alt=\"ETL Testing Interview Questions With Detailed Answers\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.softwaretestingstuff.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/ETL-Testing-Interview-Questions-With-Detailed-Answers.png 750w, https:\/\/www.softwaretestingstuff.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/ETL-Testing-Interview-Questions-With-Detailed-Answers-300x180.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-657ae72 elementor-widget elementor-widget-post-info\" data-id=\"657ae72\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"post-info.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-inline-items elementor-icon-list-items elementor-post-info\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-repeater-item-cb98bcc elementor-inline-item\" itemprop=\"author\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.softwaretestingstuff.com\/author\/tanvirsoftwaretestingstuff-com\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"far fa-user-circle\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text elementor-post-info__item elementor-post-info__item--type-author\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tRahnuma Tasnim\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-repeater-item-7155409 elementor-inline-item\" itemprop=\"datePublished\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.softwaretestingstuff.com\/2023\/09\/09\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text elementor-post-info__item elementor-post-info__item--type-date\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<time>September 9, 2023<\/time>\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23d17b8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23d17b8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In the data management and analysis world, ETL (Extract, Transform, Load) processes form the backbone of efficient data movement. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Gear up for an ETL testing interview. It will increase your proficiency in understanding how data flows, transforms, and finds its place in databases becomes paramount.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">We&#8217;ve meticulously curated a comprehensive array of ETL testing interview questions. All these questions will guide you on this journey, each designed to gauge your grasp of the intricate ETL landscape.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">From unraveling data accuracy enigmas to optimizing transformation logic and ensuring peak performance to navigating error-prone terrains, these questions delve deep into the core of ETL testing.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dive into these questions and answers to equip yourself with the knowledge and confidence needed to excel in your ETL testing interview.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">By delving into these\u00a0Scenario based etl testing interview questions\u00a0and their insightful answers, you&#8217;ll get technical knowledge. Also these questions will boost your technical know-how and bolster your interview readiness. It will set you up for success in your upcoming ETL testing interview.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2114f2f elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"2114f2f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"750\" height=\"350\" src=\"https:\/\/www.softwaretestingstuff.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/50-ETL-Testing-Interview-Questions-and-Answers.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-14386\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.softwaretestingstuff.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/50-ETL-Testing-Interview-Questions-and-Answers.png 750w, https:\/\/www.softwaretestingstuff.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/50-ETL-Testing-Interview-Questions-and-Answers-300x140.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5744c37 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5744c37\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 id=\"boomdevs_2\" class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">50 ETL Testing Interview Questions and Answers\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6c2f111 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6c2f111\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Are you preparing for an ETL testing interview? Success hinges on your grasp of ETL (Extract, Transform, Load) processes and the ability to ensure seamless data flow.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In this guide, we&#8217;ve compiled a comprehensive list of\u00a0SQL queries for ETL testing interview questions.\u00a0It covers a spectrum of topics, from data accuracy and transformation logic to <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/core.ac.uk\/download\/pdf\/234676929.pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">performance testing<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and error handling.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dive into these questions and answers to equip yourself with the knowledge and confidence needed to excel in your ETL testing interview.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8c902f6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8c902f6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 id=\"boomdevs_3\" class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">1. What is ETL testing?\n<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8f1328d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8f1328d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ETL testing involves verifying the data extraction, transformation, and loading process to ensure accurate and reliable data movement from source to destination.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c13ff18 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c13ff18\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 id=\"boomdevs_4\" class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">2. Why is ETL testing important?\n<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ee00e4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6ee00e4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ETL testing ensures that data is accurately transformed and loaded, preventing data quality issues and ensuring the success of business intelligence and reporting.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b70e223 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b70e223\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 id=\"boomdevs_5\" class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">3. What are the key challenges in ETL testing?\n<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-eaee546 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"eaee546\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Some challenges include data completeness, data accuracy, data transformation logic validation, handling data volumes, and performance testing.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-957deb9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"957deb9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 id=\"boomdevs_6\" class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">4. What is the ETL process? \n<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5fbe5c4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5fbe5c4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ETL stands for Extract, Transform, Load. It involves extracting and transforming data from source systems to fit the target structure. And it loads into the target database or data warehouse.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1a4e1fa elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1a4e1fa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 id=\"boomdevs_7\" class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">5. What are the types of ETL testing?\n<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-62b4344 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"62b4344\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Types include\u00a0<\/span><\/p><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">data completeness testing<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">data accuracy testing<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">data transformation testing<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">data quality testing<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">performance testing<\/span><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-943c6bd elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"943c6bd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 id=\"boomdevs_8\" class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">6. What is data profiling in ETL testing? \n<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-72537d0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"72537d0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Data profiling involves analyzing source data to understand its structure, relationships, and data quality. It helps in designing effective ETL tests.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7efc513 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7efc513\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 id=\"boomdevs_9\" class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">7. Explain the difference between ETL testing and database testing\n<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aa74114 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"aa74114\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ETL testing focuses on verifying the complete data flow process, including extraction, transformation, and loading. Database testing mainly involves checking data integrity, indexing, and SQL queries.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-71c6634 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"71c6634\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 id=\"boomdevs_10\" class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">8. What are the common ETL testing tools?\n<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7666115 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7666115\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Some popular tools are Informatica, Talend, Apache Nifi, Microsoft SSIS, and Oracle Data Integrator.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e50831 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8e50831\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 id=\"boomdevs_11\" class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">9. What is data mapping in ETL testing?\n<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cf45de6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cf45de6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Data mapping involves defining the relationships between source and target elements to ensure accurate data transformation.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a05175c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a05175c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 id=\"boomdevs_12\" class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">10. How do you ensure data accuracy in ETL testing?\n<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fef5092 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fef5092\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Data accuracy can be ensured by comparing the transformed data with expected results and validating it against business rules.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-048bccb elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"048bccb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 id=\"boomdevs_13\" class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">11. What is the purpose of a test plan in ETL testing?\n<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5327a15 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5327a15\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A test plan outlines the scope, objectives, resources, and schedule of ETL testing activities, helping to effectively manage and execute the testing process.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b1927dc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b1927dc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 id=\"boomdevs_14\" class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">12. How do you handle data consistency issues in ETL testing?\n<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cc5c3a5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cc5c3a5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Data consistency can be ensured by using <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/366946092_Why_is_data_validation_important_in_research\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">data validation<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> techniques, performing key integrity checks, and verifying referential integrity.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e4a5c33 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e4a5c33\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 id=\"boomdevs_15\" class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">13. What is incremental loading in ETL?\n<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-34b0f23 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"34b0f23\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Incremental loading involves loading only the new or changed data since the last ETL process, reducing processing time and improving efficiency.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7f4da15 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7f4da15\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 id=\"boomdevs_16\" class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">14. Explain the term 'Surrogate Key.' \n<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5451c43 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5451c43\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A surrogate key is a unique and special identifier assigned to each record in a dimension table to maintain data integrity and simplify data processing.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-38abfc2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"38abfc2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 id=\"boomdevs_17\" class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">15. What is data lineage in ETL testing? \n<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ed949d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3ed949d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Data lineage is the visualization of the path data takes from source to target, helping to track data transformations and verify their correctness.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0908449 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0908449\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 id=\"boomdevs_18\" class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">16. How do you test ETL performance? \n<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-19ca045 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"19ca045\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ETL performance can be tested by measuring the time taken for data extraction, transformation, and loading and checking system resource utilization during the process.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4fe702b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4fe702b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 id=\"boomdevs_19\" class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">17. What is the purpose of regression testing in ETL? \n<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1975ec9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1975ec9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.softwaretestingstuff.com\/2007\/10\/regression-testing.html\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Regression testing<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> ensures that new changes or enhancements to the ETL process do not negatively impact existing functionality.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-604c286 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"604c286\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 id=\"boomdevs_20\" class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">18. What are some common data quality checks in ETL testing? \n<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-05930cf elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"05930cf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Data quality checks include checking for duplicate records, null values, data consistency, and adherence to data constraints.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-11d7f0e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"11d7f0e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 id=\"boomdevs_21\" class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">19. Explain the term 'Change Data Capture (CDC).' \n<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e66897e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e66897e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">CDC is a technique. It is used to identify and capture changes made to source data since the last ETL process, making it easier to process only the changed data.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-17fdf3c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"17fdf3c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 id=\"boomdevs_22\" class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">20. How do you handle data transformation errors in ETL testing?\n<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b12c968 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b12c968\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Data transformation errors can be handled by setting up error-handling mechanisms, logging errors, and implementing exception-handling routines.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c88b00d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c88b00d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 id=\"boomdevs_23\" class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">21. What is a surrogate key?\n<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f5ce991 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f5ce991\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A surrogate key is a system-generated unique identifier assigned to each record in a data warehouse to maintain referential integrity.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c55b87f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c55b87f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 id=\"boomdevs_24\" class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">22. How do you verify data completeness during ETL testing? \n<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e6f6a1a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e6f6a1a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Data completeness can be verified by comparing the number of records extracted with those loaded and validating against business rules.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-512368e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"512368e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 id=\"boomdevs_25\" class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">23. What is the purpose of a control table in ETL testing? \n<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bdf9ea1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bdf9ea1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A control table stores metadata about the ETL process, such as source and target record counts, to track and monitor the ETL workflow.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-86d342d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"86d342d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 id=\"boomdevs_26\" class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">24. What is data skew, and how does it affect ETL performance? \n<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5aaf4ec elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5aaf4ec\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Data skew occurs when data distribution is uneven among partitions or nodes, leading to imbalanced resource usage and slower processing times.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37b989d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"37b989d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 id=\"boomdevs_27\" class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">25. How can you handle data type conversions in ETL testing?\n<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5467b47 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5467b47\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Data type conversions can be handled using appropriate datacasting functions and validating the converted values.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e1e6430 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e1e6430\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 id=\"boomdevs_28\" class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">26. What is the difference between full and incremental loads in ETL? \n<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d8894cd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d8894cd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A full load involves loading all the data from the source to the target, while an incremental load only loads the new or changed data since the last load.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a5ea033 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a5ea033\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 id=\"boomdevs_29\" class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">27. What is data integrity in ETL testing?\n<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1152ded elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1152ded\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Data integrity ensures that data remains accurate, consistent, and reliable throughout the ETL process and in the target database.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Data integrity in ETL (Extract, Transform, Load) testing refers to the assurance that data maintains its accuracy, consistency, and reliability as it undergoes extraction, transformation, and loading processes within the ETL pipeline.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ensuring data integrity throughout these stages is essential to prevent data anomalies, inconsistencies, and errors from propagating into the final destination.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48fe0df elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"48fe0df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 id='28-how-do-you-handle-data-discrepancies-between-source-and-target-in-etl-testing'  id=\"boomdevs_30\" class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\" >28. How do you handle data discrepancies between source and target in ETL testing?<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1090a29 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1090a29\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Data discrepancies can be investigated by comparing source and target data, identifying the root cause of differences, and resolving them.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7416965 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7416965\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 id=\"boomdevs_31\" class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">29. What is the purpose of a staging area in ETL testing? \n<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e15ab90 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e15ab90\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A staging area is an intermediate storage location during the ETL process, allowing data transformation and validation before loading it into the target.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-09e96b3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"09e96b3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 id=\"boomdevs_32\" class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">30. How do you handle data security concerns in ETL testing?\n<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4126148 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4126148\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Data security can be ensured by following data encryption practices, implementing proper access controls, and complying with relevant regulations.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-07b2680 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"07b2680\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 id='31-explain-the-concept-of-data-lineage-in-etl'  id=\"boomdevs_33\" class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\" >31. Explain the concept of data lineage in ETL. <\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4cb01d5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4cb01d5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Data lineage tracks the movement of data from source to target, including transformations, showing how data changes along the way.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Data lineage in ETL (Extract, Transform, Load) refers to the visual representation and tracking of the flow of data from its source through various transformations and processes to its final destination.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a6fbbec elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a6fbbec\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 id=\"boomdevs_34\" class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">32. What are some considerations for ETL testing in a big data environment?\n<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-883398e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"883398e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ETL testing in big data environments requires handling large volumes of data, distributed processing, and dealing with complex data structures.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7bd6330 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7bd6330\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 id=\"boomdevs_35\" class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">33. How do you handle data validation in ETL testing?\n<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-85070e8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"85070e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Data validation involves checking data accuracy, completeness, and adherence to business rules. It can be done through SQL queries, scripts, or data profiling tools.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-16e937a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"16e937a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 id=\"boomdevs_36\" class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">34. What is the purpose of surrogate key mapping in ETL testing? \n<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-03599e9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"03599e9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Surrogate key mapping establishes relationships between surrogate and natural keys in different tables, ensuring proper data integration.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e026002 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e026002\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 id=\"boomdevs_37\" class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">35. How do you ensure referential integrity in ETL testing? \n<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-52c852e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"52c852e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Referential integrity can be ensured by performing key matching between related tables, validating primary and foreign keys, and resolving any mismatches.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d77bcc0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d77bcc0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 id=\"boomdevs_38\" class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">36. What is metadata in ETL testing?\n<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fdfebe7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fdfebe7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Metadata is data that describes other data. ETL includes information about data sources, transformations, and target structures.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d991654 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d991654\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 id=\"boomdevs_39\" class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">37. How can you test ETL processes for error handling? \n<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-78149ab elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"78149ab\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.softwaretestingstuff.com\/2007\/10\/software-errors.html\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Software error<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> handling testing involves intentionally introducing errors, such as invalid data, and verifying that the ETL process responds correctly with appropriate error messages.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-086e6b4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"086e6b4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 id='38-explain-the-term-slowly-changing-dimension-scd-in-etl'  id=\"boomdevs_40\" class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\" >38. Explain the term 'Slowly Changing Dimension (SCD)' in ETL.<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d1e2c7a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d1e2c7a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">SCD refers to managing changes in dimension data over time. It&#8217;s classified into three types: Type 1 (overwrite), Type 2 (historical), and Type 3 (partial update).<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f858369 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f858369\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 id=\"boomdevs_41\" class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">39. What is a data warehouse in the context of ETL testing? \n<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c62e978 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c62e978\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A data warehouse is a central repository that stores data from various sources for analytical and reporting purposes, making it a key component of ETL testing.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d4169a5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d4169a5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 id=\"boomdevs_42\" class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">40. How can you test the ETL process for data accuracy?\n<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-372ba42 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"372ba42\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Data accuracy can be tested by verifying transformed data against business rules, conducting field-level data comparisons, and checking data profiling results.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-12989b7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"12989b7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 id=\"boomdevs_43\" class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">41. What is data migration testing, and how is it different from ETL testing?\n<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-67354b2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"67354b2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Data migration testing focuses on moving data from one system to another, ensuring data consistency and accuracy. ETL testing specifically deals with data transformations.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d60b297 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d60b297\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 id=\"boomdevs_44\" class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">42. How do you handle ETL testing for unstructured data sources? \n<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3b9dc88 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3b9dc88\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ETL testing for unstructured data involves validating the extraction process, ensuring data integrity, and transforming the data into a structured format.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e026e47 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e026e47\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 id=\"boomdevs_45\" class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">43. What is data duplication, and how is it performed in ETL testing?\n<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-835fb71 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"835fb71\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Data duplication involves removing duplicate records. In ETL testing it&#8217;s done by identifying duplicate entries in source data and preventing their insertion into the target.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-272ceb3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"272ceb3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 id=\"boomdevs_46\" class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">44. What is the role of a QA analyst in ETL testing? \n<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d223c35 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d223c35\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A QA analyst is responsible for <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.softwaretestingstuff.com\/2007\/12\/test-specification.html\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">test specifications<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, designing test scenarios, creating test cases, executing tests, identifying defects, and ensuring the quality of ETL processes.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-43ae3cf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"43ae3cf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 id=\"boomdevs_47\" class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">45. How can you validate the transformation logic in ETL testing?\n<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-11ebb5c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"11ebb5c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Transformation logic can be validated by using sample data, comparing expected output with actual output, and performing data profiling to verify transformations.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-df8dacf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"df8dacf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 id=\"boomdevs_48\" class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">46. What is data reconciliation in ETL testing? \n<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e660e8a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e660e8a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Data reconciliation involves comparing source data with target data to ensure the ETL process hasn&#8217;t caused any discrepancies or data loss.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-da4ff49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"da4ff49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 id=\"boomdevs_49\" class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">47. How can you ensure data consistency across multiple data sources in ETL testing? \n<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-512eac5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"512eac5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Data consistency can be ensured by creating consistent transformation rules, mapping source data accurately, and validating data against business requirements.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1588dae elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1588dae\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 id=\"boomdevs_50\" class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">48. What are the key factors to consider when planning ETL testing?\n<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4c56eb5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4c56eb5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Key factors include understanding data sources, defining data transformations, setting up a testing environment, and determining performance benchmarks.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0b081ae elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0b081ae\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 id=\"boomdevs_51\" class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">49. How do you handle testing of ETL workflows with dependencies? \n<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-896401d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"896401d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Testing ETL workflows with dependencies involves:<\/span><\/p><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Understanding the order of execution.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Simulating dependencies.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Verifying data integrity throughout the process.<\/span><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a3a077b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a3a077b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 id=\"boomdevs_52\" class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">50. How do you document ETL test results and defects?\n<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f163a03 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f163a03\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ETL test results and defects can be documented using test management tools, spreadsheets, or bug-tracking systems, including detailed descriptions and reproducing steps.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6822972 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6822972\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 id=\"boomdevs_53\" class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Wrapping Up \n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-33f0e55 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"33f0e55\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The significance of proficient ETL testing cannot be overstated; the linchpin holding together the seamless flow of data powers modern enterprises.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This compilation of ETL testing interview questions is your compass to navigate through the intricacies of data integrity. Using this guide determines your transformation precision, performance benchmarks, and the ability to troubleshoot unforeseen errors.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">These questions and their comprehensive answers provide a solid platform to excel in your interview. And you will thrive in any ETL testing scenario you encounter.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Embrace this reservoir of insights to showcase your expertise and seize your ETL testing interview with unwavering confidence.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-adaa19e\" data-id=\"adaa19e\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>50 Top ETL Testing Interview Questions With Detailed Answers In the data management and analysis world, ETL (Extract, Transform, Load) processes form the backbone of efficient data movement. Gear up for an ETL testing interview. It will increase your proficiency in understanding how data flows, transforms, and finds its place in databases becomes paramount. We&#8217;ve [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":14384,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"disabled","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"disabled","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[],"table_tags":[],"class_list":["post-958","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-interview-questions"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.2 - 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