![\"30](\"https:\/\/www.softwaretestingstuff.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/3030-Manual-Testing-Interview-Questions-Answers.png\")
<\/figure>\n\n\n\n30 Manual Testing Interview Questions & Answers<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Interview questions and answers may vary based on the job role, industry, and company.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
It’s essential to know the manual testing interview questions for fresher with answers and understand the underlying concepts to have meaningful discussions during the interview.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
1. What is manual testing?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Manual testing involves meticulously examining and evaluating software testing<\/a> applications to identify defects, ensure functionality, and verify that the software meets specified requirements.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Testers manually execute test cases, provide inputs, and compare the actual outcomes against expected results.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Test case design techniques aid in creating comprehensive test cases that effectively cover various scenarios, ensuring thorough testing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n These techniques provide systematic approaches for identifying relevant test scenarios, minimizing redundancy, and maximizing coverage. Examples include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n A test plan is a detailed equipped document that outlines the testing strategy, scope, objectives, resources, schedule, and deliverables for a testing project.<\/p>\n\n\n\n It defines how testing will be executed, which test cases will be covered, and the testing environment. The test plan acts as a roadmap for the entire testing process.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Smoke testing is a preliminary and shallow test to determine whether a new software build is stable enough for further testing. It helps identify critical issues early on.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Sanity testing, on the other hand, is a more focused test that verifies specific functionalities or areas after changes or bug fixes. The goal is to ensure that recent modifications have kept the core features intact.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Functional testing assesses whether the software performs its intended functions correctly. It involves validating input-output scenarios, user interactions, and functional requirements.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Non-functional testing focuses on attributes beyond functionality, such as performance, usability, security, reliability, and scalability.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Regression testing<\/a> is retesting a software application’s modified components to ensure that new changes, bug fixes, or enhancements do not introduce new defects or negatively impact existing functionalities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n It helps maintain the software’s quality and stability throughout its development lifecycle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Test case prioritization involves identifying and testing critical functionalities or areas first. Factors that influence prioritization include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n High-risk areas or features with high business value are typically tested early.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Equivalence partitioning<\/a> is a technique used to divide a range of input values into groups that are expected to behave similarly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n By selecting representative values from each partition, testers can create test cases that effectively cover a wide range of scenarios without testing every possible value.<\/p>\n\n\n\n A test case template provides a standardized format for documenting test cases. It includes fields for test case ID, description, steps, expected results, actual results, status, and notes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Using a template ensures consistency in documenting test cases and makes it easier for testers to understand and execute them.<\/p>\n\n\n\n The defect life cycle outlines the various stages that a defect goes through, from identification to resolution. The typical stages include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n When a defect cannot be reproduced, gathering as much information as possible, including steps to reproduce, the environment used, and any related configurations, is important.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Document your findings and share them with the development team for further investigation. Collaborate with developers to recreate the issue using the provided information if possible.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Usability testing evaluates the user-friendliness and overall user experience of a software application. Testers focus on assessing the ease of use, intuitiveness, navigation, and overall satisfaction of end users.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Usability issues include clearer layouts, unintuitive workflows, and difficulty accessing features.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Boundary value analysis is a basic testing technique that examines how a software application behaves at the boundaries of input ranges.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Defects often occur at these boundaries due to potential programming and software errors<\/a>. Testers select input values at the lower and upper boundaries, inside and outside, to ensure thorough testing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Alpha testing is the first testing phase and is usually performed by the internal development team.<\/p>\n\n\n\n It involves testing the software in-house to identify defects before releasing it to a limited group of external users. The primary goal is to uncover issues before moving on to broader testing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Beta testing occurs after alpha testing and involves releasing the software to a selected group of external users who provide feedback on the software’s usability, functionality, and performance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n This helps identify any remaining issues before the official release to the general public.<\/p>\n\n\n\n In situations with incomplete or unclear requirements, initiating communication with stakeholders, including business analysts, product owners, and developers, is crucial.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Seek clarification on the missing information and document assumptions made during testing. Regularly communicate progress and collaborate to ensure accurate testing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ad-hoc testing is an informal approach where testers explore the application without predefined test cases. The goal is to uncover defects that existing test cases might not cover.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Testers use their experience and creativity to simulate real-world scenarios and identify unexpected issues.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Deciding when to stop testing involves:<\/p>\n\n\n\n Testing can be concluded if testing goals are met, high-risk areas are thoroughly tested, and critical defects are addressed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Compatibility testing ensures the software functions correctly across various environments, including browsers, operating systems, devices, and network configurations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n The goal is to ensure consistent performance and appearance regardless of the user’s setup.<\/p>\n\n\n\n A test summary report is a comprehensive document that provides an overview of the testing activities, results, and status for a particular testing phase.<\/p>\n\n\n\n It includes information about executed test cases, passed and failed tests, defects found, and any deviations from the test plan. This report helps stakeholders assess the quality and readiness of the software for release.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Test data are the inputs used in test cases to simulate real-world scenarios. Accurate and relevant test data is crucial for meaningful testing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n It helps testers evaluate the application’s behavior under various conditions, ensuring that all possible scenarios are covered.<\/p>\n\n\n\n A test environment is a controlled setup that mimics the production environment for testing purposes. It includes hardware, software, networks, databases, and other components necessary for testing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n A well-configured test environment is important as it ensures that testing results accurately reflect how the software will behave in the real world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Exploratory testing is an unscripted approach where testers actively learn about the application, design test cases on the fly, and execute them simultaneously.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Testers use their domain knowledge, intuition, and creativity to uncover defects that might not be identified using traditional scripted testing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Communication is key in such situations. Document all discussions and decisions to have a clear record of interactions. If there’s a disagreement, escalate the issue to higher authorities or project stakeholders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Effective communication and collaboration are essential for resolving misunderstandings and ensuring alignment between testing and development teams.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Positive testing validates the software’s functions correctly with valid inputs, expected behaviors, and positive test cases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Negative testing checks how the software handles invalid or unexpected inputs, error conditions, and scenarios not part of normal operations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n A test harness is a set of tools, libraries, test scripts, and test data used to automate the execution of test cases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n It provides an environment for testing, simulating user interactions, and controlling the application being tested. A test harness streamlines the testing process and enhances consistency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Performance testing assesses a software application’s performance under different conditions and loads. It focuses on responsiveness, speed, scalability, stability, and resource utilization. Performance testing<\/a> helps identify performance bottlenecks.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Load testing is the performance testing subset that evaluates an application’s behavior under varying user load levels. It helps determine the maximum number of concurrent users the system can support without degrading performance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Load testing can identify performance issues under heavy load conditions, such as slow response times and crashes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n A test script is the instructions set that outlines the steps to execute a specific test case manually or through automation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n It includes preconditions, actions to be taken, expected outcomes, and post-execution validations. Test scripts ensure consistency in test execution and can be reused for automation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n To ensure thorough testing in a limited time frame, follow these strategies:<\/p>\n\n\n\n2. What is the purpose of test case design techniques?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\n
3. What is a test plan?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
4. What is the difference between smoke testing and sanity testing?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
5. Explain the difference between functional testing and non-functional testing. <\/h3>\n\n\n\n
6. What is regression testing? <\/h3>\n\n\n\n
7. How do you prioritize test cases? <\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\n
8. What is equivalence partitioning?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
9. What is the purpose of a test case template?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
10. What is a defect life cycle?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\n
11. How do you handle a situation when a defect is not reproducible?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
12. What is usability testing? <\/h3>\n\n\n\n
13. What is boundary value analysis? <\/h3>\n\n\n\n
14. What is alpha testing? <\/h3>\n\n\n\n
15. What is beta testing? <\/h3>\n\n\n\n
16. How would you handle a situation with incomplete or unclear requirements?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
17. What is ad-hoc testing? <\/h3>\n\n\n\n
18. How do you know when to stop testing?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\n
19. What is compatibility testing?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
20. What is the purpose of a test summary report?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
21. What is test data, and why is it important?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
22. What is a test environment, and why is it important?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
23. What is exploratory testing?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
24. How would you handle a situation where there is miscommunication between you and the development team?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
25. What is the difference between positive testing and negative testing? <\/h3>\n\n\n\n
26. What is a test harness? <\/h3>\n\n\n\n
27. What is performance testing? <\/h3>\n\n\n\n
28. What is load testing?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
29. What is a test script?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
30. How do you ensure thorough testing within a limited time frame?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n